Answer:
Here is a summary of the key points to know for Module 1:
01.01 Roman Empire to 500 CE Guided Notes
The Roman Empire was divided geographically due to administrative and military reasons.
Constantine was a Roman emperor who moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 CE, for strategic and economic reasons.
The Eastern half of the Roman Empire lasted longer than the Western half due to better trade, stronger economy, and the ability to defend against invasions.
The Eastern half of the Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire.
The important cities of the Byzantine Empire were Constantinople (capital), Alexandria, Ravenna, and Antioch.
01.02 Monotheistic Religions Guided Notes
Some similarities between the monotheistic religions include belief in one God, shared prophets (Abraham, Moses, and others), and a moral code.
Some differences between the monotheistic religions include their religious texts, beliefs about Jesus, and their religious practices.
A timeline can be created from Abraham in 2000 BCE to Muhammad's death in 632 CE to show the progression of monotheistic religions.
01.03 The Expansion of Islam Guided Notes
The Battle of Poitiers was a battle between Islamic forces and Frankish forces in 732 CE, which halted the Islamic advance into Europe.
Islamic culture and religion spread quickly through conquest and trade.
Islam spread to regions such as the Middle East, North Africa, Spain, India, and Southeast Asia.
The two factions that make up the Islamic religion are Sunni and Shia.
The main difference between Sunni and Shia is their beliefs about the rightful leaders of the Muslim community.
Dhimmis were non-Muslims who were protected under Islamic law.
Islamic culture was brought to India by the Mughal Empire, and Akbar the Great helped settle religious arguments and bring peace to India.
01.04 The Golden Age of Islam Guided Notes
The term "Golden Age" refers to a period of great cultural, scientific, and intellectual achievement.
Paper impacted the economy by making writing and record-keeping more efficient and accessible.
The House of Wisdom was a center of learning and translation in Baghdad.
Achievements of the Golden Age of Islam include advancements in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and literature.
01.05 The Byzantines Guided Notes
The Byzantines preserved Roman and Greek culture through their language (Greek), their architecture (e.g. the Hagia Sophia), and their art (e.g. icons).
The iconoclasm controversy was a debate over the use of religious icons in the Byzantine Empire.
Arguments for the use of icons included their role in religious worship and their ability to connect people to their faith.
Arguments against the use of icons included the fear of idolatry and the belief that they distracted from true worship.
The Great Schism was a split between the Western Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Greek Orthodox Church.
Main issues of the Great Schism included the use of icons, the language used in religious services, and the power structure of the church.
01.06 Byzantine Empire Achievement and Expansion Guided Notes
Constantinople was an important city due to its strategic location for trade and defense.
Achievements of the Byzantine Empire include the construction of the Hagia Sophia, Justinian's Code (a legal code that influenced European law), and advancements in art and literature.
Justinian I was a Byzantine emperor who commissioned many of the empire's great works and oversaw significant military campaigns.
Theodora was Justinian's wife and a powerful influence on his decisions.
Belisarius was a Byzantine general who led many successful
This module covers various topics including the Roman Empire, monotheistic religions, the expansion of Islam, the Golden Age of Islam, the Byzantines, the achievements and expansion of the Byzantine Empire, and the collapse of the Byzantine Empire.
Module 1: Roman Empire to 500 CE
01.01 Roman Empire to 500 CE Guided Notes
- The Roman Empire was divided geographically for administrative and military purposes. This allowed for better governance and defense of the vast empire. - Constantine was a Roman emperor who moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) to establish a new political and cultural center in the East. - The Eastern half of the Roman Empire lasted longer than the Western half because of its stronger economy, better defense systems, and greater continuity with the culture of ancient Greece. - The Eastern half of the former Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire. - Some important cities of the Byzantine Empire include Constantinople, Alexandria, Ravenna, and Antioch.
01.02 Monotheistic Religions Guided Notes
- The monotheistic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) share some common beliefs such as the belief in one God and the importance of moral teachings. - They also have differences in terms of their religious texts, core beliefs, and practices. - A timeline from Abraham in 2000 BCE to Muhammad's death in 632 CE would include the founding of Judaism, the birth of Jesus Christ, and the rise of Islam.
01.03 The Expansion of Islam Guided Notes
- The Battle of Poitiers (also known as the Battle of Tours) was a significant victory for the Franks against Islamic forces, halting the expansion of Islam into Europe. - Islamic culture and religion spread quickly through trade and military conquests. - Islam spread to regions such as Africa, Spain, Persia, and India. - The two main factions of Islam are Sunni and Shia, with the main difference being their interpretation of leadership after the death of Prophet Muhammad. - Dhimmis are non-Muslims living in an Islamic state who are granted certain rights and protections. - Islamic culture was brought to India by the Delhi Sultanate. - Akbar the Great helped settle religious arguments and bring peace to India during his reign.
01.04 The Golden Age of Islam Guided Notes
- The term 'Golden Age' refers to a period of great cultural, scientific, and intellectual achievements. - The invention of paper had a significant impact on the economy as it facilitated the spread of knowledge and encouraged the growth of trade and commerce. - The House of Wisdom in Baghdad was an important center of learning and translation, where intellectuals from different cultures exchanged knowledge. - Some specific achievements from the Golden Age of Islam include advancements in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and literature.
01.05 The Byzantines Guided Notes
- The Byzantines preserved Roman and Greek culture through the adoption of their language, legal system, and architectural styles. - Examples of Roman culture include the continued use of Latin as the official language and the adoption of Roman law. - Examples of Greek culture include the use of Greek as the language of literature and education, and the influence of Greek philosophy. - The iconoclasm controversy was a conflict over the use of religious icons within the Byzantine Empire. -
01.06 Byzantine Empire Achievement and Expansion Guided Notes
- Constantinople was an important city due to its strategic location, strong defense walls, and role as a major center of trade and cultural exchange. - Some great achievements of the Byzantine Empire include the construction of magnificent buildings like the Hagia Sophia, the codification of Roman laws by Justinian I, and advancements in education and literature. -
01.07 Collapse of an Empire Guided Notes
- Justinian's Plague, believed to be caused by the bubonic plague, weakened the Byzantine Empire and led to a decline in population and economic productivity. - The invasions of Belisarius and other forces placed significant strain on the empire's resources and defense capabilities. -
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